Archives: Chapters

Bedside echocardiography in cardiac arrest In the context of cardiac arrest, focused echocardiography entails a swift evaluation of ventricular contractions and the status of the…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide, ETCO2) Capnography refers to the measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) in the respiratory system. ETCO2 is the partial pressure of…

Sepsis-induced cardiac arrest Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and hypoperfusion manifesting as hypotension. The…

Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy…

Tamponade and cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest associated with tamponade has an exceptionally poor prognosis. In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops acutely…

Cardiac arrest due to trauma In cases of traumatic cardiac arrest, addressing reversible etiologies takes precedence over chest compressions. If trauma is not definitively established…

Hypoxia and asphyxiation Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest: The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely inhibited (as seen in acute airway obstructions), a…

Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of prescription…

Anaphylactic cardiac arrest Anaphylactic cardiac arrest is managed following the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) algorithm, incorporating an intravenous administration of 1 mg epinephrine. Predominant causes of…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth All healthcare units capable of managing pregnant women in cardiac arrest should engage in specialized clinical training to manage…