Chapters Archive – Page 22 of 23

Ectopic atrial rhythm (EAT), atrial tachycardia (AT) & multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

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Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

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Figure 4. ECG showing Ashman's phenomenon during atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

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Figure 1. ECG showing sinus tachycardia. Paper speed 25 mm/s. Calculate the heart rate by dividing 300 by the number of large boxes between R-waves. There are approximately 3 large boxes between the R-waves; 300/3 equals 100 beats per minute.

Sinus tachycardia & Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

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Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

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Figure 1. Sinus bradycardia. Paper speed 25 mm/s. Calculate the rate by dividing 300 by the number of large boxes between two cycles (e.g between two R waves). As seen in the figure, there are approximately 6.5 large boxes between two R waves. 300/6.5 equals 46 beats/min.

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

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Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

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Figure 1. Sinus rhythm. Paper speed 25 mm/s.

Sinus rhythm: physiology, ECG criteria & clinical implications

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$Figure 1. Aberrant conduction. The figure shows a supraventriclar extrasystole (an extra atrial impulse, discharged by an ectopic focus outside of the sinoatrial node). The supraventricular extrasystole arrives into the ventricles while the right bundle branch is still refractory, which is why it blocks the impulse. The resulting QRS-complex has a right bundle branch block pattern.$

Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration)

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Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

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