Chapters Archive – Page 17 of 23 – The Cardiovascular

Figure 10. ECGs presenting Brugada syndrome type 1, type 2 and type 3, respectively.

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

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Figure 1. ECG changes seen in hyperkalaemia.

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

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Figure 2. Two ECGs showing left and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

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Figure 1. Left anterior fascicular block (hemiblock) and left posterior fascicular block (hemiblock). Inspired by GS Wagner (Marriott's Practical Electrocardiography, Elsevier 2007) and AL Goldberg (Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach, Elsevier Mosby 2006).

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

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Figure 1. Characteristics of ischemic ST segment depressions on ECG.

ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

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Figure 1. ST segment depression due to digoxin treatment.

Digoxin – ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

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Figure 2. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). Note that the paper speed is 50 mm/s (1 large box equals 100 ms). The hallmark of both RBBB and LBBB is the QRS duration which is by definitions 120 ms or longer. The distinction between RBBB and LBBB is simple, as illustrated in this figure.

Right bundle branch block (RBBB): ECG, criteria, definitions, causes & treatment

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Figure 1. ECG criteria (Sgarbossa criteria) for acute STEMI in the setting of LBBB. Each criteria gives 2 to 5 points. Studies show that a cut-off of ≥3 points yields a sensitivity of 20–36% and specificity of 90–98% for acute STEMI in the setting of LBBB.

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria

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Figure 19. The Cabrera format and inverted aVR.

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG and inverted lead aVR

2016

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

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