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Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without clear spontaneous nystagmus Cerebellar or brainstem infarction, intoxication, Wernicke…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Nystagmus without latency that does not fatigue Central cause New headache, neck pain, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia Posterior circulation stroke Unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…bead, stone, toy Within a day or so Unilateral, foul smelling nasal discharge in a small child is a foreign body until proven otherwise. Contraindications…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less commonly…

Nasogastric tube

…1. Inspect both nasal passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…of the illness. 7. Start NIV without undue delay in persistent hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, if invasive ventilation is not immediately required. 8. Document the ceiling…

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