…triggers it [1,2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner…

…Central cause Nystagmus without latency that does not fatigue Central cause New headache, neck pain, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia Posterior circulation stroke Unilateral hearing loss…

…Nose 1. Ask the patient to blow the nose gently. Clear mucus with suction without pushing the object backwards. 2. Apply the anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor…

…balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less commonly…

…1. Inspect both nasal passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure…

…alternative diagnosis Silent or nearly silent chest Very severe airflow obstruction pH below 7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory…