Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…tamponade — the only absolute indication, and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or…

…the causes of pericardial effusion. Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma Cardiac surgery and…

…to the heart Trauma Tuberculousis Neoplasms (cancer) Post cardiac surgery (hemorrhagic pericarditis). Symptoms of acute pericarditis/myocarditis There are two forms of pericarditis: acute and…

…Pregnancy, previous extensive abdominal surgery Ultrasound guidance; choose a new site if in doubt Cellulitis over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and…

…tamponade. Causes of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade The most common cause of pericardial effusion is infections, such as viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post…