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Premature ventricular contractions (premature ventricular complex, premature ventricular beats)

… because the impulse is discharged in the ventricles it will spread partly or entirely outside of the conduction system and thus produce a wide QRS…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…right atrium and it typically loops around the tricuspid valve. Impulses spread rapidly through the atria from this re entry circuit. Examples of atrial flutter…

Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm)

…seconds). The QRS complex is wide simply because the ectopic impulses that cause these rhythms spread partially or entirely outside of the ventricular conduction system…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…with a cobalt blue filter; alternatively a magnifying loupe and a Wood's lamp. Oxybuprocaine or tetracaine drops (topical anaesthesia). Fluorescein strips. Sterile cotton buds…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…causes sleep disturbance and more marked HPA suppression. Inhaled and topical steroids in high doses can also cause systemic suppression. Corticosteroids mask fever and peritonitis…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…for expanding the tampon. Topical tranexamic acid on a pledget or as a solution has a good effect in anterior bleeding. Raise the chair so…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…no. 15 scalpel. Topical anaesthetic cream (lidocaine–prilocaine) or infiltration anaesthesia for painful debridement. Wound bed dressing chosen by exudate volume, edge protection (zinc paste…

Short Synacthen test

… stop about 6 weeks before if possible Inhaled and topical steroids Note them on the request form — they can themselves cause HPA suppression and are…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

CPR Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by a body temperature exceeding the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F)…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent. Take cultures immediately, but never let…

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