…must never delay it. Indications Suspected meningitis or encephalitis. Suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage with a normal or non diagnostic CT. Suspected neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS…

…a traumatic hemorrhage can deplete intravascular volume to such an extent that chest compressions fail to generate stroke volumes. Consequently, addressing reversible causes of cardiac…

…Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The temporal classification is also clinically relevant: Hyperacute: less than 24 hours from symptom onset. Acute: 1–14 days…

…light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in…

…requirement. Obstetric haemorrhage of around 1,500 mL or more with continuing bleeding, or a smaller measured blood loss if there is physiological compromise. Do…

…diabetes with neuropathy, immunosuppression, and high dose corticosteroids. The time limit and the choice of closure strategy The classical limit of 6–8 hours for…

…5% of presentations in some populations. Despite this relatively low prevalence, missed myocardial infarction remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed…

…two temporally and clinically distinct complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis , which develops from several hours to approximately 4 days after…

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of haemorrhageinduced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019; 140:37 42. Endo…

…subacute onset, continuous dizziness lasting hours to days, often with nausea, nystagmus, motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug…

…and traumatic haemopericardium — these require surgery; pericardiocentesis is at best a bridge to it. A small (under 10 mm), loculated or purely posterior effusion with…

…Coimbra R. Open chest versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life upon hospital arrival: a retrospective multicenter study. Crit Care…

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of hemorrhage induced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019;140: 37 42…

…Tamponade with swinging heart of the pericardium. Source. Rapid diagnosis of cardiac tamponade is possible via bedside echocardiography. This reveals pericardial fluid, suggesting hemorrhage in…