…is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow and the concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed…

…effects of these substances can potentially be reversed if interventions are promptly instituted. In scenarios where an antidote is not available, it is essential to…

…which may be unpleasant to the patient. This side effect lasts a few seconds. Case reports have indicated that the risk of high degree AV…

…40 g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis…

…toxicity presents as various arrhythmias, ranging from bradycardias related to enhanced vagal effect to life threatening tachyarrhythmias. Evaluation and Physical Examination Physical examination of a…

…to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity: Do not administer to patients with a history of…

…of the drug's pharmacological effects are produced during its first passage through the circulation. Due to this rapid clearance, adenosine must be administered as…

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

…to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect…

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

…range of heart rates is encountered, as they may provide more reliable corrections. Hodges’ formula offers an alternative linear correction method. https://ecgwaves.com/topic…

…not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can…

…control centre is the authoritative local source for the current indication, dosing, sampling and duration of treatment. International guidelines must be adapted to the antidotes…

…aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in which Timing, Triggers And Targeted…

…toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis: This form arises from the misfolding of…

…by the gradual accumulation of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2…

…minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold for treatment, known as t1…

…showed that myocardial contractility was closely related to myocardial blood flow. This concept is of outmost importance, as it suggests that myocardial contractility and blood…

…The objective is to reduce aortic wall shear stress and rapidly lower systolic pressure. Renal and microvascular complications Renal involvement may manifest as deterioration in…

…pattern and the risk of ventricular fibrillation remain elusive. This is a rather complex topic that is only of relevance to researchers in electrophysiology and…

…referred to as 1st degree AV block, AV block I, or AV block 1. Before proceeding, it is recommended to review the basic concepts of…

…research has been devoted to it in recent years. Most cases (70%) of takotsubo cardiomyopathy occur in situations with extreme stress, such as car accidents…