…Patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (ACS) Exercise stress testing is routinely performed after acute myocardial infarction in order to assess the presence of myocardial…

…figure rises dramatically in Southeast Asia, where the condition is historically linked to Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS) [4] . The clinical presentation is notoriously…

…Testing is optional and may be selected according to clinical judgement. Low to moderate probability: greater than 5% to 50% in the chronic coronary syndrome…

…during provocation testing is also reported more frequently in East Asian populations. VA can occur as part of a more generalized vasospastic syndrome with migraine…

ECG Exercise stress test Definition and clinical role Exercise electrocardiographic testing is a standardized assessment in which a patient performs progressively increasing external work, usually…

Cardiology Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris…

ECG Evaluation and management of stable coronary artery disease Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) Stable coronary artery disease (CAD), frequently referred to as stable angina pectoris…

Cardiology Definition and terminology Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms and signs resulting from structural or functional impairment of ventricular…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Congestion is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with…

…Definition and pathophysiological context Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is considered within the spectrum of non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS)…