…pressure in that leg ÷ highest arm pressure of the two arms Interpretation ABI Interpretation Action : : : 1.40 Incompressible vessels — medial sclerosis Measure the toe pressure…

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

…higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. This excess risk has been documented across a broad range of conditions, including gout, vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, myositis…

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

…sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia with biomarkers (amyloid, tau, phospho tau). Measurement of…

…kinase inhibitors and drugs directed against vascular endothelial growth factor. Episodes of headache, palpitations, sweating and pallor that may suggest phaeochromocytoma. Systemic sclerosis, kidney disease…

…early diastolic early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of regurgitant jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0,25 0,25 0…