…however, be distinguished from dyspnea which is shortness of breath. Dyspnea may be due to poor exercise capacity (with normal ventilatory capacity and cardiac output…

…of standing to determine if orthostatic hypotension is present. High risk features on history include: New onset of chest discomfort, abdominal pain, shortness of breath…

…nausea or vomiting. Persistent shortness of breath. Weakness, dizziness, light headedness, or loss of consciousness. No symptoms at the time of assessment. Ongoing chest discomfort…

…shortness of breath is the cardinal symptom and may act as an ischaemic equivalent, though caution is advised in interpreting it without corroborating evidence of…

…shows a falsely normal value. Give 100 % oxygen on a reservoir mask — this markedly shortens the half life of carbon monoxide. Contact your national or…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…most superficially, where the distance from the skin is shortest, and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access…

…with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in intensive care…

…Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac cells…

…separate chapter discusses Long QT syndrome (LQTS). A complete list of drugs causing QT prolongation can be found here. Corrected QT intervals (QTc) can be…

…with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Corrected QT Interval (QTc interval) The QT interval varies inversely with heart rate; it shortens at higher heart…

…and symptoms Typical SAMS consists of: Symmetric muscle pain Muscle aching or soreness Weakness, often perceived or functional Predominant involvement of large proximal muscle groups…

…probability of arrhythmias occurring. This is explained by the increase in intracellular calcium levels, which causes a shortening of the action potential. Digoxin shortens the…