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Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…annulus is displaced apically 0.8 mm/m 2 BSA. Basal segments of the right ventricle (i.e parts on the atrial side of the…

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

…displayed per second. High frame rate (i.e many frames per second) is desirable because it provides better temporal resolution. Frame rate depends on several…

Nasogastric tube

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…misplaced stimulation artifacts, irregular pacing, etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the…

ECG signs of myocardial infarction: pathological Q-waves & pathological R-waves

…pathological Q waves, which means that these ECGs were recorded several hours after symptom onset or those are signs of old infarction. Pathological R waves…

🟠 Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery pressure

…Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic…

🟠 Left and right atrium

…size and volume Women Men Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal ATRIAL DIMENSIONS LA diameter…

Renal parameters

…Staging of chronic kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high G2 60–89 Mildly reduced G3a 45–59 Mildly to moderately reduced…

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

…54 30–44 <30 2D, Two dimensional. Ejection fraction (EF) Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Ejection fraction (%), biplan, males 52 72 41 51…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C. Dosage Adults Initial dose : A single loading dose of 60 mg. Maintenance dose…

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