Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

…resistance and oxygen transport Formulas Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = diastolic + (systolic − diastolic)/3 Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate SVR = 80 × (MAP…

…ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation…

…following recommendations: Administer 100% oxygen at the maximum flow rate . Hypoxia can precipitate cardiac arrest in septic patients; timely oxygenation can potentially prevent circulatory collapse…

…hypothermia , caution applies in: Ongoing uncontrolled bleeding or marked coagulopathy. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Already marked hypothermia from another cause — warm the patient instead…

…corresponds to an acute increase in the SOFA score of at least 2 points. Septic shock is the subgroup that, despite the treatment of hypovolaemia…

Procedurer A monoarthritis is septic until proven otherwise, and the only thing that proves otherwise is the synovial fluid. The aspiration is technically simple — what…

…target ScvO₂ 70–80 % A low value suggests inadequate oxygen delivery Capillary refill < 3 s Equivalent to lactate guided resuscitation in septic shock Haemoglobin…

…antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock, or where sepsis is highly likely…

… use sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of…