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Otoscopy and ear syringing

…pars flaccida → signs of fluid (a level, bubbles, retraction or bulging). 6. Where needed, pneumatic otoscopy: a slight change of pressure with the bulb…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…Refraction artifact Reflection and refraction occur when ultrasound passes tissue boundaries. Tissue boundaries represent acoustic reflectors at which some of the ultrasound energy is reflected…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…integrated assessment of six components: Symptoms Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction:…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…functional) capacity. Functional capacity is a strong predictor of both cardiovascular and overall mortality, offering incremental prognostic data beyond perfusion imaging and ECG reaction. Coronary…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Anaphylaxis is a rapidly developing systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can cause life threatening compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation. Skin…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…this form of hypertension was a physiological reaction that was necessary to maintain normal hemodynamics, hence the term essential . However, a growing body of science…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis, recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative: Marked cervical restriction of movement or…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…bradycardia. Click to zoom. Treatment of sinus bradycardia Benign causes of sinus bradycardia (e.g. vasovagal reaction, well trained athletes) do not require treatment. When…

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