…to a hanging head. Frenzel goggles or video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can otherwise be hard to see, particularly when the patient…

…produce tamponade depends principally on the rate of accumulation and the compliance of the pericardium. Rapid accumulation may cause tamponade with a relatively small volume…

…spread of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury Preparation and equipment Otoscopy: an otoscope with a charged battery and clean disposable specula…

…medication or dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is associated with a higher likelihood of…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM…

…or a reduced requirement for antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure…

…Conventional thoracic X ray sometimes reveals calcification of the pericardium. With MRI or CT, the thickness of the pericardium can be measured and in most…

…fraught with controversies, particularly regarding the risk stratification of asymptomatic patients, the prognostic utility of electrophysiological studies (EPS), and the transition from a purely device…

…Genetic testing of patients with confirmed or likely dilated cardiomyopathy can be recommended. There are several commercially available gene panels, which enables testing of over…