…to a hanging head. Frenzel goggles or video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can otherwise be hard to see, particularly when the patient…

…occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced stroke volume…

…obstruction) of the left main coronary artery (LAD) or 2 epicardial coronary arteries (Felker et al). Left ventricular dilation entails a markedly elevated risk of…

…of Cardiac Amyloidosis Demographic and Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left…

…normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the septum bulges into the left ventricle. During exhalation, the…

…dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is associated with a higher likelihood of secondary hypertension…

…investigation that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of the test determines its entire…

…lead to obstruction of the LVOT (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, HOCM). Dilated cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM) . Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…