…video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can otherwise be hard to see, particularly when the patient fixates. A vomit bowl; nausea is common…

…causes of pericarditis can result in constrictive pericarditis. In high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are the most common…

…symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites, and hepatic enlargement [8, 10]. Atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter, are common…

…The majority of these encode proteins in the sarcomere, Z disk or the cytoskeleton (Herschberger et al). De novo mutations are less common than inherited…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is associated with a higher likelihood of secondary hypertension…

…investigation that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of the test determines its entire…

…lead to obstruction of the LVOT (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, HOCM). Dilated cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM) . Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM…

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

…monoxide An obstructive pattern: FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal (traditionally < 0.70). A restrictive pattern: a reduced TLC — this cannot be…