…that the the ventricle must overcome to pump blood out into the pulmonary artery. Resistance may increase in, for example, pulmonary hypertension or pulmonic stenosis…

…antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure that cannot be corrected quickly. Rapid sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]…

…where intubation has been judged not to be appropriate. Contraindications Respiratory arrest, agonal breathing or cardiac arrest — intubate. Inability to protect the airway: a reduced…

…team, not in your head. Functioning suction within reach under the pillow or by the right shoulder. A reservoir mask with a tight fitting seal…

…if you have selected an objectively measurable finding in advance — usually ptosis or fatigable gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window…

…in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of tension pneumothorax in a haemodynamically or respiratorily unstable patient. Contraindications In tension pneumothorax…

…seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold…

…by myocardial ischemia (affecting the sinoatrial node), sinus node dysfunction or side effects of digoxin treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the…

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

…end tidal carbon dioxide, ETCO2) Capnography refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the…