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Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…with hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest is high and…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…ceiling of care. Signs of a serious condition Finding Significance : : Inability to speak in full sentences Marked work of breathing Use of accessory respiratory muscles…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…Alcohol withdrawal occurs after an abrupt reduction or cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite a measurable or high blood…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…condition may be transient. Pericardiotomy can be curative, which is why it is important to detect the disease early in the course. Hemodynamic effects of…

Spirometry

…Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the first choice for assessing the right side of the heart…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and initial fluid treatment Adrenaline infusion and advanced resuscitation in a monitored setting The…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…failure where high flow nasal oxygen is insufficient and the carbon dioxide is normal. Bilevel NIV: Acute exacerbation of COPD with respiratory acidosis , that is…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

… this non atherosclerotic condition may occur especially in young women. Non coronary mechanisms that reduce oxygen supply include severe bradyarrhythmia, respiratory failure with severe hypoxaemia…

Paracentesis

…sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever…

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