…myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual…

…standing up, tilting the head backwards. A symptom free interval between attacks, with possible residual unsteadiness. No hearing loss, tinnitus or neurological deficits. In horizontal…

…objectively verifiable fatigable symptoms. Assessment of whether residual weakness in a patient with known myasthenia responds to further cholinesterase inhibition. The test has a sensitivity…

…Indications Acute urinary retention. Chronic urinary retention with renal impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a…

…prognosis is influenced particularly by: Resting left ventricular function The amount of residual viable myocardium exposed to ischaemic risk Susceptibility to serious ventricular arrhythmias Cardiac…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes have important inflammatory components. Inflammation contributes to atherothrombosis through activation of…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the…

…likely with: Small reference vessel diameter A small post procedural lumen Substantial residual stenosis Long lesions Diabetes mellitus Untreated edge dissection Components and mechanisms of…

…Ezetimibe is particularly relevant when the residual LDL C reduction required is greater than can reasonably be obtained with a statin alone but does not…

…FH are principal settings in which these drugs have received approval. In chronic coronary syndrome, the recommended LDL C objective is: LDL C <1.4…

…and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or persistent disease…

…populations, a distinct form of atrial tachycardia may occur due to embryological remnants within the atrial myocardium. These residual tissues, persisting from cardiac embryogenesis, are…

…5. Flush the cannula. Discard the first few millilitres at the subsequent samplings so that residual drug does not contaminate the sample. 6. Take cortisol…

…g., large ASD/VSD). Qp/Qs < 0.7 : Significant right to left shunt (e.g., Eisenmenger syndrome). Qp/Qs ≈ 1 : Normal, no significant shunt…

…Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction, although Doppler examination may detect residual arterial flow in less advanced disease. Clinical manifestations may be relatively modest…

…Important mechanisms include: Stent under expansion Stent malapposition Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical…

…factors Obesity Insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome Elevated triglycerides Low or apparently well controlled LDL C with suspected residual atherogenic particle burden In patients with…

…the treated epicardial artery, because the defining abnormality is inadequate distal perfusion in the absence of a major residual epicardial obstruction. No reflow is associated…

…The extent or location of ischaemia needs to be defined before revascularization Residual ischaemia must be assessed after initiation of medical treatment LV function requires…

ECG Left main coronary artery occlusion Left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies…

ECG Exercise stress test Exercise stress testing in patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction), women, elderly and revascularized individuals Clinicians should be familiar…

…JACC. Braunwald et al: Determination of fraction of left ventricular volume ejected per beat and of ventricular end diastolic and residual volumes. Experimental and clinical…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE ACS): Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA) The focus…

…Phenylephrine Eliminate the causative allergen : discontinue any suspected medications and remove any remnants of allergens (e.g., insect residues). For patients on beta blocker therapy…