…and lower thrombogenicity. Stent thrombosis Early metallic stents reduced acute closure but introduced the risk of thrombosis related to the intravascular foreign body. First generation…

…wheezing, or coughing before cardiac arrest also speak for anaphylaxis (airway obstruction caused by a foreign body is an important differential). Treatment of anaphylaxis and…

…made is unusable, no matter how well the puncture went. Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or…

…with possible residual unsteadiness. No hearing loss, tinnitus or neurological deficits. In horizontal positional vertigo (lateral semicircular canal) the supine roll test is used for…

…Indications Clinically suspected myasthenia gravis in a patient with clear, objectively verifiable fatigable symptoms. Assessment of whether residual weakness in a patient with known myasthenia…

…or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures and…

…The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in which exercise…

…In patients with previous myocardial infarction and residual inflammation, defined by hsCRP ≥2 mg/L, it produced a modest reduction in a composite of cardiovascular…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the…

…Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter in the intestine…

…C lowering depends partly on residual LDL receptor expression. PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies are less effective in homozygous FH when residual LDL receptor function is limited…

…and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or persistent disease…

…induced cardiomyopathy. In pediatric populations, a distinct form of atrial tachycardia may occur due to embryological remnants within the atrial myocardium. These residual tissues, persisting…

…result can be interpreted. What decides that is whether the patient is taking a steroid that cross reacts in the cortisol assay, whether the samples…

…warrants surgical or percutaneous closure in ASD/VSD. Serial measurements track shunt progression in chronic conditions. Post Intervention Monitoring : Assess residual shunts after device closure…

…Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction, although Doppler examination may detect residual arterial flow in less advanced disease. Clinical manifestations may be relatively modest…

… consequently, in stent disease is driven predominantly by tissue accumulation within the stented segment rather than by negative remodelling. Pathophysiology Neointimal hyperplasia The principal mechanism…

…suspected residual atherogenic particle burden In patients with diabetes and combined dyslipidaemia, non HDL C is particularly relevant because it captures triglyceride rich lipoproteins in…

…the treated epicardial artery, because the defining abnormality is inadequate distal perfusion in the absence of a major residual epicardial obstruction. No reflow is associated…

…to be defined before revascularization Residual ischaemia must be assessed after initiation of medical treatment LV function requires evaluation in the setting of suspected ischaemia…

…survive long enough for clinical evaluation often have some residual antegrade flow, a dynamic thrombus, or collateral circulation that limits infarct size. In such cases…

ECG Exercise stress test Exercise stress testing in patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction), women, elderly and revascularized individuals Clinicians should be familiar…

…valvular function, and ventricular function. A large body of science has demonstrated that these parameters are highly interdependent and rather complex. Indeed, myocardial mechanics constitute…

…angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions , which implies that there remains residual blood flow in the artery. Moreover…