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Reduction of dislocations

…the reduction , together with the distal pulse and sensation throughout the arm. External rotation (the Hennepin technique). The patient lies supine or sits. The upper…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…fall of ≥20 mmHg in SBP and/or ≥10 mmHg in DBP at 1 or 3 minutes after standing, following 5 minutes seated or supine…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure, lipids and smoking cessation. Weight loss was considered extremely difficult across patient categories. However, the emergence of incretin based therapies…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

Blood pressure

…most common cause of misclassification. Five minutes' seated rest, back and arm supported, legs uncrossed, no conversation Cuff width ≥ 40% of the upper arm circumference…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Marked agitation or inability to cooperate. Copious secretions without an effective cough. Choice of method and…

P-wave, PR interval, PR segment: physiology, criteria & ECG findings

…a reflection of right atrial depolarization and the second half is a reflection of left atrial depolarization. This is shown in Figure 3 (upper panel…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…a reflection of right atrial activation and the second half is a reflection of left atrial activation. This is shown in Figure 1 (upper panel…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…of apoB 100 containing lipoproteins and exert effects beyond LDL C reduction, including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, plaque stability, thrombogenic responses and…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment Compatibility testing Test What it involves When it is…

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