…with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial activation…

…left ventricle is many times larger than the vector generated by the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of left ventricular depolarization…

…larger size before producing haemodynamic compromise. As intrapericardial pressure rises, the right atrium and right ventricle are compressed, with elevation of their diastolic pressures. Right…

…speed of 25 mm/s. Figure 1. Sinus bradycardia. Paper speed 25 mm/s. Calculate the rate by dividing 300 by the number of large…

…an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab…

…haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment Compatibility testing Test What…

…the left ventricle is usually considerably larger than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the…

…artery. Depending on the size and form of the thrombus, it will occlude the main pulmonary artery or its branches. The larger the thrombus, the…

…exploring electrode is located in front of the P wave vector ( Figure 2, right hand side). This article is part of the comprehensive chapter: How…

…lesions can cause acute severe regurgitation, a left to right shunt, tamponade, or sudden loss of effective cardiac output. Their recognition is essential because treatment…