…the left atrium ( Figure 2 , left hand side). Lead V1 might therefore display a biphasic (diphasic) P wave , meaning that the greater portion of the…

…in a reduction of coronary blood flow and this causes subendocardial ischemia (i.e ischemia that only affects the subendocardium). STEMI, on the other hand…

…occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced stroke volume…

…Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before…

…the rest. Support your working hand against the patient's zygoma or the bridge of the nose. 4. Approach tangentially from the periphery , never through…

…tunica adventitia , respectively. Figure 1. Layers of the left ventricular wall, pericardium and ventricular cavity. The endocardium The endocardium lines the atria, ventricles and the…

…radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission…

…defined as a diameter reduction of at least 50%. Severe proximal disease of both the proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex arteries may…

…first half of the P wave is therefore a reflection of right atrial activation and the second half is a reflection of left atrial activation…

…to describe a reduction of blood flow to tissues and organs. A few decades later Cohnheim demonstrated that ligation of the left anterior descending artery…