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Reduction of dislocations

…over the lateral part of the deltoid before and after the reduction , together with the distal pulse and sensation throughout the arm. External rotation (the…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…the inverted triangle formed between the acromion and the lower tip of the muscle insertion. 3. Stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…hours duration): Due to cellular adaptations, rapid correction carries the risk of inducing osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). It is therefore recommended to raise serum sodium…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…integrated assessment of six components: Symptoms Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction:…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe, myocardial necrosis. It most commonly reflects atherothrombosis: disruption of…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…term to describe a reduction of blood flow to tissues and organs. A few decades later Cohnheim demonstrated that ligation of the left anterior descending…

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