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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…the reason for which remains elusive. Gene mutations can be confirmed in roughly 60% of individuals with ARVC. Mutations in the desmosomal gene PKP2 is…

Short Synacthen test

…after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning cortisol in the grey…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury Consider mechanical circulatory support Refractory advanced disease Consider palliative care Right ventricular failure is characterized by increased right…

Tricuspid stenosis

…Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…Commonest early on and at high doses Muscle weakness Steroid myopathy, with proximal weakness Red flags and pitfalls Stopping a corticosteroid abruptly after longer term…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with the pathway that enables…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…is flexed. The dorsum of the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed vessels, the antecubital…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

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