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Cardiac amyloidosis

…patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly the low flow, low gradient phenotype, or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing…

Short Synacthen test

…insufficiency in pituitary disease, after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…may impair left ventricular filling and reduce systemic output. In this setting, venous congestion is generally treated initially with diuretics, whereas norepinephrine and/or inotropes…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of…

Levosimendan (Simdax, Simendan) in acute heart failure

…transient ischemic attack or stroke, and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…or about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…or other conduction defects. However, in rare instances, it may be due to pre excited atrial fibrillation (i.e. atrial fibrillation with impulses conducted via…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

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