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Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…the tourniquet 10–15 cm proximal to the intended puncture site, let the arm hang, ask the patient to pump with the hand, and pa

Cardiac amyloidosis

…of Cardiac Amyloidosis Demographic and Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left…

Levosimendan (Simdax, Simendan) in acute heart failure

…and initiation of renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to either the primary or secondary…

Short Synacthen test

…left unprotected for the test to be interpretable. Procedure 1. Schedule the test in the morning, preferably starting between 08:00 and 09:00 , with…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…therapy Increase diuretic dose and/or combine diuretic classes Diuretic resistance or end stage renal failure Consider renal replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…becomes thinner and the ventricle begins to dilate. Approximately 50% of cases exhibit biventricular cardiomyopathy, although the disease is less pronounced in the left ventricle…

Urinary alkalinisation

…control centre for advice on the treatment threshold and on whether haemodialysis should be considered. Rhabdomyolysis with marked elevation of CK and threatened kidney injury…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…afternoon and evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…Contraindications Asthma and COPD. Adenosine has caused mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Adenosine should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

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