…Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long…

…patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly the low flow, low gradient phenotype, or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5, 10]. A history of increasing…

…or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning cortisol in the grey zone. A morning value below…

…Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising…

…about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary…

…names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with the pathway that enables…

…with needles in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of…

…Symptoms of systemic venous congestion include: Peripheral edema Rapid weight gain Increasing abdominal girth Early satiety Bendopnea Abdominal ascites Older patients may present atypically, with…

…with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease at a rate of…

…injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine value alone but by the course, urine output…