…is not already on an opioid patch, a modified release tablet and an as required opioid at the same time. Opioids in abdominal pain of…

…depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6.4 mmol/L ECG and cardiac monitoring. Emergency treatment is often warranted, particularly in an…

…Cardiac troponin levels are extremely low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5…

…minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative: Lymphoedema or previous axillary clearance on the same side. A paretic…

…perfusion imaging is based on the principle that myocardial blood flow demonstrates marked differences between rest and stress conditions, particularly in significant coronary artery stenosis…

…infarction (AMI), in which myocardial ischaemia is accompanied by cardiomyocyte necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically…

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

…a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs…

…the prescription list and the findings of the ambulance crew The stated dose is often unreliable and must never be used on its own to…

…above the 99th percentile. The clinical presentation should not be interpreted in isolation. The initial diagnosis and triage depend on integration of symptoms, vital signs…

…The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department is myocardial ischaemia caused by an acute coronary process. Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Significance In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form…

…markers of myocardial wall stress. They are released principally by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to increased transmural stress and ventricular stretch. Atrial natriuretic peptide is…

…The diagnosis requires elevated levels of cardiac troponins. In addition to elevated troponins, the patient must display either symptoms or ECG changes consistent with myocardial…

…and/or inducible microvascular spasm. The microvascular circulation cannot be directly visualized in vivo in humans. Consequently, diagnosis depends on functional assessment. Coronary microvascular dysfunction …

…injury. Mechanisms of troponin release Troponin I and troponin T are components of the myocardial contractile apparatus and are expressed predominantly in cardiac muscle. Troponin…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…