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Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…pressure, tightness, heaviness, burning, or discomfort in the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…preparations: in practice within about 1 hour. Tablets and solid preparations: up to about 2 hours. Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…or an arm circumference above 35 cm, a 38 mm needle is required to reach the deltoid muscle. With a 25 mm needle the dose…

Inotropes and vasopressors: doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…and a beta agonist without vascular effect. Catecholamine receptors Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors: expressed in vascular smooth muscle. Activation results in vasoconstriction and an increase…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…effect varies tenfold between individuals, and the only way to find the right level is to give a small dose, wait until it has worked…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…modified release preparation before the daily requirement is known. Duplication. Check that the patient is not already on an opioid patch, a modified release tablet…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…branches of the facial nerve at the temple, the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, and the superficial nerves of the forearm…

🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1, releases norepinephrine and thus increases contractility, chronotropy and mild increase in SVR. Ventricular arrhythmias Myocardial…

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