…the right needle length. Indications Route Typical drugs Absorption : : : Intramuscular (IM) Vaccines, depot antipsychotics, hydroxocobalamin, adrenaline in anaphylaxis, ceftriaxone, ferric carboxymaltose Rapid, 10–20 min…

…when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross…

…including constriction Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, particularly cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP or NT…

…or belching. Radiation to both arms or shoulders has a particularly strong association with myocardial infarction in the cited clinical data, although right arm radiation…

…necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the following…

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

…estimated quantity the time, and whether the intake was single or repeated a modified release preparation or a combination product concurrent drugs, alcohol and illicit…

…troponin release that does not fulfil the criteria for ischaemic myocardial infarction. It may be acute, when serial troponin values show a dynamic change, or…

…through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from the stent surface and have substantially reduced this process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis…

…severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Upon such damage…

…Avoid the combination, or reduce both Red flags and pitfalls A respiratory rate < 8/min, or an increasing level of sedation , are signs of…

…and Pathophysiology Angina with non obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) describes anginal symptoms in patients whose epicardial coronary arteries are normal or show no obstructive disease…

…specific 99th percentile upper reference limit. It is classified as acute when serial measurements demonstrate a rise and/or fall. A stable elevation indicates chronic…

…if more than one hour has elapsed post ingestion unless the ingested substance has the propensity to form bezoars or is a sustained release formulation…

…cardiac specific but the cTnT assays also detect proteins released from skeletal muscle. Consequently, skeletal muscle damage or inflammation may result in elevated cTnT levels…

…and parasympathetic influences; sympathetic stimulation leads to vasoconstriction through the release of norepinephrine, while parasympathetic activation can cause vasodilation via acetylcholine release. These mechanisms collectively…

…and Pathophysiological Basis High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn) assays detect circulating troponin released from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays…

…Bradycardia (second line alternative) Medium dose : 3.0 10.0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1, releases norepinephrine and thus increases contractility…

…Bradycardia (second line alternative) Medium dose : 3.0 10.0 μg/kg/min. + ++++ + +++++ Medium dose dopamine activates β1, releases norepinephrine and thus increases contractility…

…acute or chronic. Bradycardia (second line option). 3.0–10.0 μg/kg/min + ++++ + +++++ Intermediate dose dopamine activates β1, releases noradrenaline and thereby increases…

…at high risk of unsightly or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the shoulder, the jawline, the ears. Anatomically hazardous areas: the branches of the facial nerve…

…and atherosclerosis. Ectopic fat deposited around or within the heart and kidneys may exert direct compressive effects and releases additional inflammatory and profibrotic mediators. Perinephric…

…pupillary reflex. Importantly, pupillary size and reactivity are influenced by factors beyond neural activity. Systemic catecholamines released or administered during resuscitation can affect pupil to