Cardiology Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a non invasive technique for detecting and quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers…

…an atherosclerotic plaque may also release atherosclerotic debris downstream, causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery…

…Objective evidence of myocardial ischaemia. Absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, defined as no stenosis exceeding 50% diameter reduction and/or an FFR 0.80…

…associated fatty liver disease is also independently related to cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease. Hyperuricaemia and Endothelial Dysfunction Insulin resistance impairs renal tubular handling…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations caused by suspected acute myocardial ischaemia…

…the onset of myocardial infarction. This is utilized in clinical practice by detecting troponins in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes. Several manufacturers have developed…

…cardiomyocyte necrosis and cardiac troponin release meeting the criteria of the universal definition of MI. Clinically, UA is defined by one or more of the…

…restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)…

…The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department is myocardial ischaemia caused by an acute coronary process. Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin…

…Myocardial injury Myocardial injury is a biochemical diagnosis defined by at least one cardiac troponin value above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit…

…vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER…

…and Pathophysiological Basis High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn) assays detect circulating troponin released from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays…

…vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER…

…1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre…

…preparations: in practice within about 1 hour. Tablets and solid preparations: up to about 2 hours. Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric…

…a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia, advanced life…

…wait until it has worked, and assess the effect before the next one is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of…

…around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children…

…markers of myocardial wall stress. They are released principally by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to increased transmural stress and ventricular stretch. Atrial natriuretic peptide is…

…irritant drugs: pull the skin and subcutaneous tissue 2–3 cm to one side, inject, wait 10 seconds, withdraw the needle and release the skin…

…as long. Breakthrough dose During ongoing opioid treatment: a breakthrough dose of about one sixth of the daily dose in the same formulation, as required…

…if more than one hour has elapsed post ingestion unless the ingested substance has the propensity to form bezoars or is a sustained release formulation…

…and 6 mm. A size 15 scalpel, a double edged razor blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps, scissors, a needle…

…8%. This implies that approximately one third of the patients who ultimately had a favorable neurological recovery exhibited an abnormal pupillary reflex upon initial examination…