…despite normal or non obstructive coronary arteries; dyspnoea; fatigue; and recurrent symptoms causing impaired quality of life. Women with suspected angina are more likely than…

Cardiology Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a non invasive technique for detecting and quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers…

…is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque…

…associated fatty liver disease is also independently related to cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease. Hyperuricaemia and Endothelial Dysfunction Insulin resistance impairs renal tubular handling…

…lower threshold for symptom provocation; or angina occurring after a recent MI. Myocardial injury is separate from MI. It refers to cardiac troponin release that…

…be chronically elevated in patients with renal failure, this is more pronounced for troponin T ( Seng et al ). Troponin I rises faster than troponin T…

…release must therefore be considered throughout assessment. Coronary disease is most commonly related to atheromatous plaque producing progressive narrowing or obstruction of epicardial coronary arteries…

…restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)…

…myocardial ischaemia caused by an acute coronary process. Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction…

…Increased concentrations may result from acute coronary atherothrombosis, oxygen supply–demand imbalance, direct myocardial injury, systemic illness, structural heart disease, or several mechanisms acting simultaneously…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…pain or discomfort is the most common symptom initiating evaluation for ACS. Features that increase the likelihood of ACS include: Sudden symptoms at rest or…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…Figure 1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating…

…Modified release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more…

…marked QRS widening, a sine wave pattern, or a need for repeated calcium treatment. Urgent investigations As a rule, take: Plasma potassium as a central…

…when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross…

…enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison control centre , which…

…90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable. Natriuretic peptide concentrations reflect haemodynamic stress, but their release is…

…The first choice for larger volumes and depot preparations; safer than the dorsogluteal site because the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery are avoided…

…25–50 per cent and titrate. At a high dose, in old age or in renal failure, reduce it further. Starting doses in acute pain…

…if more than one hour has elapsed post ingestion unless the ingested substance has the propensity to form bezoars or is a sustained release formulation…

…blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps, scissors, a needle holder. Sutures: 5 0 or 6 0 non absorbable for the…

…pupillary reflex. Importantly, pupillary size and reactivity are influenced by factors beyond neural activity. Systemic catecholamines released or administered during resuscitation can affect pupil to