…important precautions. A hypertensive emergency is defined by a markedly raised blood pressure in combination with new or progressive acute target organ damage. Common manifestations…

…hypertension — recommended before treatment is started . Suspected white coat hypertension: raised office blood pressure without organ damage. Suspected masked hypertension: normal office blood pressure but…

…Thresholds for different measurement methods Measurement technique Faulty measurement technique is the most common cause of misclassification. Five minutes' seated rest, back and arm supported…

…< 20, men < 15 mm/h Rises slowly; raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology;…

…crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure…

…targets apply when the intracranial pressure is raised: normocapnia (PaCO₂ 4.5–5.0 kPa) and avoidance of hypoxia, since hypercapnia raises the intracranial pressure…

…tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause Isolated bilirubin Unconjugated, the others normal Gilbert's syndrome…

…finding A dilated inferior vena cava without respiratory variation Strongly suggests a raised filling pressure Marked respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow The echocardiographic…

…joint. Known hypersensitivity to the preparations. Relative: Poorly controlled diabetes — expect a raised blood glucose for 2–5 days. Suspected or known tendon rupture. No…

…post I would like to discuss hot topics related to coronary artery disease and I will emphasize on issues that are typically raised by patients…