…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…markedly impaired renal function [3]. Urine output can change before creatinine but is not a pure marker of filtration. Oliguria may be due to hypovolaemia…

…follow up after one month, and at least annually thereafter, more often in impaired renal function. Red flags and pitfalls Atrial fibrillation with pre excit

…aortic dissection, acute renal failure, pre eclampsia) — intravenous treatment with a controlled reduction, as a rule no more than 25% during the first hour. The…

…and less controllable depth of freeze). A size 15 scalpel or a pumice stone to pare down hyperkeratotic lesions. A cone or an otoscope speculum…

…flutter, atrial tachycardia, multifocal atrial tachycardia, AVNRT, AVRT (pre excitation, WPW), junctional tachycardia. These tachyarrhythmias arise in the atria and are very rarely life threatening…

…300 ms may become haemodynamically significant. Pre excitation: PR < 120 ms with a delta wave and QRS 110 ms. Brugada pattern type 1: ST…

…Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid ventricular rate. Elective or subacute: Symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation where…

…Preoperative functional assessment before major surgery. At a low pre test probability most positive results are false positives; at a high probability a negative test…

…acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis, and severe pre eclampsia or eclampsia. The blood pressure is often at least 180/120 mmHg, but no absolute threshold…