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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from the stent surface and have substantially reduced this process compared with BMS. Neoatherosclerosis Neoatherosclerosis…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…is highly likely, antibiotics must be given immediately [3]. This quick reference applies chiefly to adults with neutropenia related to cancer treatment. Children, pregnant women…

Drugs in the emergency setting

Procedurer The doses below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the…

Urinary catheterisation

…but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from the harmful one: never forcing against resistance…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

Echocardiography Heart failure Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been…

Heart failure: Introduction

Cardiology Heart failure Heart failure is a major public health problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

Lungmedicin Kardiologi Lathundar First: is the patient haemodynamically unstable? An unstable pulmonary embolism is a reperfusion problem; a stable pulmonary embolism is a diagnostic pathway…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…other cytokines. Within the intima, SMCs undergo a phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic state, producing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) components, primarily interstitial…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…massive haemorrhage a second problem is added: transfusion saves no one whose bleeding is not stopped, and it is the time to haemorrhage control that…

Lung function and respiration

…z score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the fifth percentile) has been recommended in preference to fixed percentage thresholds…

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