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Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…In septic shock, or where sepsis is highly likely, antibiotics must be given immediately [3]. This quick reference applies chiefly to adults with neutropenia related…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…particularly important because correction of the underlying problem is necessary for durable treatment. Intracoronary imaging is encouraged to define the mechanism rather than relying on…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation are…

Urinary catheterisation

…only 3–5 cm and almost straight, but the meatus can be hard to find in older women. Two things separate the safe catheterisation from…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…after hospitalization for heart failure is 60%, which is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with…

Heart failure: Introduction

…after hospitalization for heart failure is 60%, which is comparable to common cancers ( Stewart et al ). In addition, heart failure is a disabling condition with…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…A D dimer must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…plumbing problem characterized by the gradual accumulation of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…In massive haemorrhage a second problem is added: transfusion saves no one whose bleeding is not stopped, and it is the time to haemorrhage control…

Lung function and respiration

…asthma. Severity in COPD Arterial blood gas Type 1 respiratory failure: PaO₂ < 8 kPa with a normal or low PaCO₂ — a problem of oxygenation…

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