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Drugs in the emergency setting

…thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions…

Urinary catheterisation

…with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds where urinary leakage prevents healing. Voiding problems in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, in the first instance with…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…Contact the haematologist or oncologist. Contact an infectious diseases physician early in a high risk course, in instability, with resistance problems, or with suspected fungal…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…underlying problem is necessary for durable treatment. Intracoronary imaging is encouraged to define the mechanism rather than relying on angiography alone. Factors associated with restenosis…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…heart failure with mid range ejection fraction) are relatively new entities and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these…

Heart failure: Introduction

…heart failure with mid range ejection fraction) are relatively new entities and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…new experience for either the pathologist or the internist. That there is something lacking in our understanding of this problem is indicated when death occurs…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…failure Low molecular weight heparin with dose adjustment, or warfarin Subsegmental pulmonary embolism without deep vein thrombosis An individual assessment; in selected cases the patient…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…is rarely the right measure. Contraindications Anaemia that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach…

Lung function and respiration

…asthma. Severity in COPD Arterial blood gas Type 1 respiratory failure: PaO₂ < 8 kPa with a normal or low PaCO₂ — a problem of oxygenation…

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