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Drugs in the emergency setting

…drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation are what determine the…

Urinary catheterisation

…with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds where urinary leakage prevents healing. Voiding problems in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, in the first instance with…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…within 60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]. The direct evidence for exactly one hour in…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Significance In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…heart failure with mid range ejection fraction) are relatively new entities and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these…

Heart failure: Introduction

…heart failure with mid range ejection fraction) are relatively new entities and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…That there is something lacking in our understanding of this problem is indicated when death occurs after the victim was given "a clean bill of…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…failure Low molecular weight heparin with dose adjustment, or warfarin Subsegmental pulmonary embolism without deep vein thrombosis An individual assessment; in selected cases the patient…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…is rarely the right measure. Contraindications Anaemia that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach…

Lung function and respiration

…asthma. Severity in COPD Arterial blood gas Type 1 respiratory failure: PaO₂ < 8 kPa with a normal or low PaCO₂ — a problem of oxygenation…

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