…balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less commonly…

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

…demonstrate that the available interventions are time sensitive, and to maximize the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation, interventions should be adapted to the current phase…

…disruption of the adventitia can result in rupture. An alternative proposed mechanism is primary rupture of the vasa vasorum, followed by disruption of the intima…

…Hemodynamically, the gold standard definition of HFpEF relies on the demonstration of spontaneous or provokable elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures, defined invasively as a…

…cardiovascular medicine. As a primary driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural heart disease, VT necessitates…

…24/7 without delay. I B Patients transferred to PCI centres can bypass the emergency department to undergo primary PCI without delay. I B Ambulance…

…e. the ability to depolarize spontaneously). These structures are as follows: The sinoatrial (SA) node: the sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker of the heart…

…previous angina. Patients should be advised to seek emergency medical assistance rather than self presenting to an emergency department or contacting primary care first. If…