…making rapid recognition, defibrillation capability and expedited reperfusion central to survival. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The characteristic symptom prompting activation of the STEMI pathway is…

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Lipid lowering therapy is a central component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD…

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

…for the selected treatment to restore flow. Early reperfusion is therefore the central priority of STEMI systems of care. Fibrinolysis promotes thrombus dissolution by converting…

…hypotension and bradycardia. However, some patients exhibit a primary cardioinhibitory response with pronounced bradycardia. Most cardioinhibitory events are due to sinus bradycardia, though transient atrioventricular…

…of paramount importance. The primary concern in correcting hyponatremia is the prevention of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), previously known as central pontine myelinolysis. Excessively rapid…

…expected pCO₂ or HCO₃. A value outside the expected range means there is a further primary disorder 4 Is there a metabolic acidosis? Calculate the…

…patients with reduced EF. Pathophysiology Abnormal ventricular relaxation and increased filling pressures The central hemodynamic abnormality in HFpEF is impaired diastolic function. The left ventricle…

…disruption of the adventitia can result in rupture. An alternative proposed mechanism is primary rupture of the vasa vasorum, followed by disruption of the intima…