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Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Posterior (posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…ischaemia may still require urgent reperfusion assessment. Posterior myocardial infarction may be electrically subtle on the initial standard ECG. A nondiagnostic tracing therefore does not…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

Conduction defects ECG Fascicular block (hemiblock): left anterior fascicular block & left posterior fascicular block Fascicular blocks were previously referred to as hemiblocks, but the latter…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the…

Mitral valve stenosis

…with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring). The mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet . The anterior leaflet has a semi circular shape…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…commonly called vestibular neuritis, but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…posterior wall) ≤ 0.9 cm ≤ 1.0 cm Left atrial volume index ≤ 34 mL/m² ≤ 34 mL/m² TAPSE 17 mm 17 mm E/e…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia Posterior circulation stroke Unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus Ménière's disease, vestibular schwannoma, labyrinthitis Continuous vertigo that does not come in attacks…

ECG parameters

…left posterior fascicular block −90° to ±180° Extreme axis deviation Amplitude criteria Criterion Threshold Suggests : : : Sokolow–Lyon S in V1 + R in V5/V6 35…

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