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Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…clinically important because posterior infarction may not produce conventional ST segment elevation in the standard 12 lead ECG. Instead, the infarct related electrical changes may…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…or functional block in the anterior fascicle. Depolarization of the left ventricle will depend entirely on the posterior fascicle. The initial vector will be directed…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the…

Mitral valve stenosis

…with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring). The mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet . The anterior leaflet has a semi circular shape…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…commonly called vestibular neuritis, but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…posterior wall) ≤ 0.9 cm ≤ 1.0 cm Left atrial volume index ≤ 34 mL/m² ≤ 34 mL/m² TAPSE 17 mm 17 mm E/e…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…the eyes for a further period — reversal of the nystagmus is common. 6. Repeat on the left side. A positive test in the posterior canal…

ECG parameters

…90° Left axis deviation — left anterior fascicular block, inferior infarction, hypertrophy +90° to +180° Right axis deviation — right ventricular strain, lateral infarction, left posterior fascicular…

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