…SCORE2 and SCORE2 Older Persons (SCORE2 OP) are European risk prediction models designed to estimate 10 year risk of both fatal and non fatal CVD…

…years and above have atrial fibrillation, whereas the arrhythmia is unusual among persons younger than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western…

…common pathological tachyarrhythmia. Only atrial fibrillation is more common. Atrial flutter occurs almost exclusively among persons with significant heart disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease. However…

…heart failure, despite their negative chronotropic effect. Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta blockers, amiodarone…

…the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the…

…However, left bundle branch block morphology is more common (regardless of heart rate) among persons with heart disease. Alternating block (right and left bundle branch…

…Diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in…

…01 to 0.04 seconds). ECG criteria for left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) Electrical axis between 45° to 90°. If the electrical axis is 30°…

…of cardiovascular disease. It has been the number one killer in Western and high income countries for more than half a century, causing approximately 20…

…the pacemaker allows for adequate (high) dosing of rate controlling drugs (e.g beta blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons with sick…

…drainage is the treatment; antibiotics are normally neither necessary nor sufficient in an uncomplicated cutaneous abscess in an otherwise healthy person. There are two ways…

…in a healthy person and the probability is around 46 % that at least one will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults…

…maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes. The task of the health service is to give effect to the deceased person's wishes…

…high value As required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting…

…the person ventilating is not experienced in intubation. Planned anaesthesia for short procedures in a fasted patient at low risk of aspiration. A conduit for…

…products are to be delivered. 2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…depression, dementia and osteoporosis. It also improves functional capacity, skeletal health, muscular strength, quality of life and psychological well being. Physical inactivity is itself a…

…to treat (NNT) for various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac…

…by tilting the head backward and lifting the chin up. Does the person breathe? Look for respiratory signs for 10 seconds. Palpation of pulses : carotid…

CPR Data sources for monitoring cardiac arrest and resuscitation There are currently several large registries monitoring resuscitation practices. Some data sources also monitor sudden cardiac…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…wide QRS complex (QRS duration ≥0.12 s). Refer to Figure 1 for an example. The premature ventricular impulse replaces a sinus beat and induces…

…often obvious when interrogating witnesses, bystanders and health care professionals. The person may have some circulation despite circulatory collapse (e.g., with sustained ventricular tachycardia…

…the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia fulfill all criteria for sinus rhythm except from the fact that the rhythm is slightly irregular ( Figure 1 ). This is…

…for example aphasia, hemianopia or hand paresis in a person of working age Blood pressure Measure initially in both arms if this does not delay…

…from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose has already begun to rise by the time it is measured, for example after…

…and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment — contact…

[calc_syntax] SYNTAX Score: A Tool for Revascularization Strategy in Complex Coronary Artery Disease The SYNTAX Score is a semi quantitative scoring system designed to…

…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…actual heart rate during exercise; so a person's exertion rating provides an estimate of the actual heart rate. For example, if the perceived exertion…

…the subendocardium during exercise; this manifests with ST segment depressions with upsloping ST segment during exercise but the person is asymptomatic). No changes on resting…

CPR Time is the most critical factor for survival in cardiac arrest. Life saving interventions must be initiated momentarily to maximize the probability of survival…

…treated according to the resuscitation algorithm. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death For details regarding sudden cardiac arrest and death, please refer to Sudden Cardiac…