…or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while…

…Comment : : : Reticulocytes 20–100 ×10⁹/L Distinguishes a production defect from haemolysis or bleeding Ferritin 15–300 µg/L (women 10–150) An acute phase…

…any retrieval: it begins when someone in the intensive care unit identifies a possible donor and the deceased person's own wishes are properly established…

…required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting or an investigation…

…has failed and bag mask ventilation is difficult or inadequate. The primary airway in cardiac arrest when the person ventilating is not experienced in intubation…

…one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…The largest relative improvement occurs when an inactive person becomes even modestly active, while additional activity continues to confer benefit with progressively smaller incremental effects…

…Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest BLS 11 Berdowski et al Bystander CPR BLS 15 Hasselqvist…

…the chin up. Does the person breathe? Look for respiratory signs for 10 seconds. Palpation of pulses : carotid, femoral or radial artery. According to current…

…the United States. No trends, with regard to age or sex, have been observed in Sweden between 1990 and 2021 ( Rawshani et al ). Incidence of…

…referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome…

…are also referred to as premature ventricular beats , premature ventricular contractions or just ventricular beats/contractions/complexes . These terms will be used interchangeably in this…

…when interrogating witnesses, bystanders and health care professionals. The person may have some circulation despite circulatory collapse (e.g., with sustained ventricular tachycardia). Experimental and…

…the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia fulfill all criteria for sinus rhythm except from the fact that the rhythm is slightly irregular ( Figure 1 ). This is…

…aphasia, hemianopia or hand paresis in a person of working age Blood pressure Measure initially in both arms if this does not delay reperfusion treatment…

…hypoglycaemia No defined threshold The patient has cognitive or physical impairment and needs help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose…

…ketamine or a combination. It requires a fasting history, two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation, one person must manage the sedation…

…fatal or non fatal CVD Low <2% Moderate ≥2% to <10% High ≥10% to <20% Very high ≥20% The risk categories are distinct from the…

…Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings, including pericardial or aortic calcification…

…exertion 8 9 Very light exertion For a healthy person, 9 is equivalent to walking slowly at his or her own pace for some minutes…

…adenosine triphosphate) as the primary energy source. ATP is produced by metabolizing carbohydrates (glucose), fats or proteins, whichever is available. ATP fuels all cellular functions…

…Figure 2. Data from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry Annual Report (2023). The single most pronounced improvement in the chain of survival is the dramatic…

…unexpected death due to cardiac causes that occur within 1 hour of symptom onset. The person may or may not have known cardiac disease. Moreover…

…years and above have atrial fibrillation, whereas the arrhythmia is unusual among persons younger than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western…

…common pathological tachyarrhythmia. Only atrial fibrillation is more common. Atrial flutter occurs almost exclusively among persons with significant heart disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease. However…

…negative chronotropic effect. Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta blockers, amiodarone or digitalis. Sinus node…

…will be refractory). If the premature atrial impulse reaches the atrioventricular node (or bundle of His) while it is completely refractory, the impulse will be…

…standardized method to evaluate the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease . It integrates multiple variables…

…common (regardless of heart rate) among persons with heart disease. Alternating block (right and left bundle branch block alternating from one beat to another) is…

…severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic coronary plaque. Upon such damage…

…to the posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle. Anatomical or functional block in the anterior fascicle leads to left anterior fascicular block. Similarly…

…John Warren The remarkable facts, that the paroxysm, or indeed the disease itself, is excited more especially upon walking up hill, and after a meal…

…node dysfunction is an umbrella term for conditions that either affect the automaticity of the sinoatrial node or block the impulse from reaching the atria…