…involve a surgeon The following locations must not be handled routinely in primary care or in the emergency department without contacting the appropriate specialty: Location…

…haemolysis or bleeding Ferritin 15–300 µg/L (women 10–150) An acute phase protein — a normal ferritin does not exclude iron deficiency in the…

…between the intensive care physician and the transplant service. Contraindications An expressed refusal by the deceased — in the donation register, on a donor card, or…

…required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting or an investigation…

…difficult or inadequate. The primary airway in cardiac arrest when the person ventilating is not experienced in intubation. Planned anaesthesia for short procedures in a…

…pressure. A value of around 0.9 to 1.0 or higher in an adult trauma patient suggests significant hypovolaemia and an increased transfusion requirement…

…amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between the…

…even in individuals who achieve recommended exercise volumes; therefore, prevention strategies should address both increasing activity and reducing time spent sitting. The relationship between activity…

…treat (NNT) for various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest…

…resuscitation is to keep the person alive until resources and skills to provide ACLS arrive. However, rapid administration of BLS in the event of sudden…

…years in Europe (EuReCA) and 65 years in the United States. No trends, with regard to age or sex, have been observed in Sweden between…

…amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave is not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between…

…Figure 3. Premature ventricular contractions in bigeminy. Two consecutive premature ventricular contractions are referred to as a pair or couplet. If 3 to 30 premature…

…Shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia) are mostly due to acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, and in these cases, the likelihood of ROSC…

…individuals. In that scenario it might be explained by myocardial ischemia (affecting the sinoatrial node), sinus node dysfunction or side effects of digoxin treatment. If…

…experienced in stroke Functional impact A low NIHSS does not exclude a disabling deficit, for example aphasia, hemianopia or hand paresis in a person of…

…have given carbohydrate or glucagon. In a person without diabetes, a hypoglycaemic disorder is defined primarily by Whipple's triad : 1. Symptoms or signs consistent…

…A radiograph is taken before reduction in a first time dislocation , so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation…

…or both. A person may also be considered at increased cardiovascular risk without a calculated SCORE2 or SCORE2 OP estimate when certain clinical conditions are…

…a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings, including pericardial or aortic calcification, pericardial thickening, valvular calcification, and, in…

…exertion 8 9 Very light exertion For a healthy person, 9 is equivalent to walking slowly at his or her own pace for some minutes…

…Table 1: Myocardial and ECG reaction in various settings with ischemia or increased workload STATUS OF CORONARY ARTERY SETTING EFFECT ECG REACTION Normal coronary artery…

…2020 in the SCRR. According to the chain of survival, the first task is to recognize cardiac arrest and alert the EMS (in OHCA) or…

…unexpected death due to cardiac causes that occur within 1 hour of symptom onset. The person may or may not have known cardiac disease. Moreover…

…whereas the arrhythmia is unusual among persons younger than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western population is 1.0% to 1…

…wave. Increasing the paper speed to 50 mm/s or applying carotid massage (which increases the atrioventricular block) will be helpful in such situations. Figure…

…negative chronotropic effect. Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta blockers, amiodarone or digitalis. Sinus node…

…the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the…

…standardized method to evaluate the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease . It integrates multiple variables…

…arrhythmia; it is a ventricular conduction disturbance . It is discussed in this chapter because the phenomenon is frequently observed during arrhythmias. As previously discussed, all…

…levels of cardiac troponins. In addition to elevated troponins, the patient must display either symptoms or ECG changes consistent with myocardial infarction/ischemia. Most patients…

…and aVF display rS complexes. Causes of left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) LAFB may occur in persons who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those…

…with a sensation, which threatens instant death if the motion is persisted in; and, that on stopping, the distress immediately abates, or altogether subsides; have…

…block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between the sinoatrial node and the atrium). All these conditions have been discussed in detail in the previous articles…