…in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue for the operating theatre rather than the…

…which means that one healthy value in twenty falls outside them . Order twelve tests in a healthy person and the probability is around 46 % that…

…the deceased person's own wishes are properly established. Two things determine the outcome — that the confirmation of death is carried out in a formally…

…high value As required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting…

…inflate and are chosen on weight alone. When in doubt between two sizes in an adult: choose the larger , since a mask that is too…

Akutsjukvård Kirurgi & trauma Lathundar Immediate management In massive haemorrhage it is rapid control of the bleeding that determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen…

…amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between the…

…even in individuals who achieve recommended exercise volumes; therefore, prevention strategies should address both increasing activity and reducing time spent sitting. The relationship between activity…

…of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway. Figure 1…

…resuscitation is to keep the person alive until resources and skills to provide ACLS arrive. However, rapid administration of BLS in the event of sudden…

…citizens in the United States ( Bagai et al ). The incidence of treated cardiac arrests outside hospitals (OHCA) is about 70 cases per 100,000 person…

…amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave is not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between…

…ventricular contractions When every other beat on the ECG is a premature ventricular complex (PVC), the rhythm is referred to as PVC in bigeminy ( Figure…

…and low flow times in registries. The uncertainty is often obvious when interrogating witnesses, bystanders and health care professionals. The person may have some circulation…

…seen in Figure 1 . The rhythm becomes completely regular if the person holds the breath. However, sinus arrhythmia may be a pathological finding in some…

…ischaemic changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an…

…for example after relatives have given carbohydrate or glucagon. In a person without diabetes, a hypoglycaemic disorder is defined primarily by Whipple's triad : 1…

…procedure must not then be started. Radiography before reduction A radiograph is taken before reduction in a first time dislocation , so as not to reduce…

…SCORE2 and SCORE2 Older Persons (SCORE2 OP) are European risk prediction models designed to estimate 10 year risk of both fatal and non fatal CVD…

…a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings, including pericardial or aortic calcification, pericardial thickening, valvular calcification, and, in…

…a strong correlation between a person's perceived exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate during exercise; so a person's exertion rating…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…and physicians in the emergency medical system (EMS), as well as the hospital cardiac arrest team (CAT) and intensive care units and other units caring…

…and chaotic ventricular depolarizations, rendering the left ventricle incapable of generating effective contractions. This results in circulatory collapse, loss of consciousness, and sudden cardiac arrest…

…whereas the arrhythmia is unusual among persons younger than 50 years of age. The overall prevalence in a Western population is 1.0% to 1…

…be blocked. The degree of blocking in the atrioventricular node is specified by counting the number of flutter waves preceding each QRS complex. If 3…

…less than 80% diagnoses chronotropic incompetence) Management of chronotropic incompetence Treatment of chronotropic incompetence and other bradyarrhythmias are discussed in the chapter Treatment of bradyarrhythmias.

…the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the…

…and guide the choice between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) . Developed through expert consensus and validated in the SYNTAX trial…

…arrhythmia; it is a ventricular conduction disturbance . It is discussed in this chapter because the phenomenon is frequently observed during arrhythmias. As previously discussed, all…

…troponins in most normal persons. In 2017 it was possible to detect myocardial infarctions 100 times smaller than what was possible to detect in year…

…and aVF display rS complexes. Causes of left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) LAFB may occur in persons who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those…

…of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques contain inflammatory cells, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, lipids and acellular debris. The interplay between inflammation…

…block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between the sinoatrial node and the atrium). All these conditions have been discussed in detail in the previous articles…