…malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to large vessels, in the groin or on the neck Bleeding…

…4.0–6.0 mmol/L ≥ 7.0 on two occasions establishes a diagnosis of diabetes HbA1c < 42 mmol/mol 42–47 = prediabetes…

…consented to donation. The person's wishes are established in this order: 1. The donation register held by the Swedish National Board of Health and…

…of hypoglycaemia 8–12 mmol/L The critically ill patient in intensive care According to the local protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients. Hypoglycaemia on…

…neuromuscular blockers, and a person designated to keep time and read out the number of attempts. Laryngeal mask sizes Size Patient weight Maximum cuff volume…

…the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are to be delivered. 2. Designate a team leader and one person responsible for recording the…

…bradycardia due to dysfunction in the sinoatrial node is referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is…

…on at least 2 days each week. Activities need not be undertaken in bouts of at least 10 minutes; shorter episodes also contribute to health…

…needed to treat (NNT) for various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of…

…Intervention Included in BLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest Yes 11 Berdowski et al Bystander CPR Yes 15 Hasselqvist…

…defibrillator. Survival in relation to initial rhythm In cardiac arrest, the initial rhythm (on the first recorded ECG) is a very strong predictor of survival…

…bradycardia due to dysfunction in the sinoatrial node is referred to as sinus node dysfunction (SND). If a person with ECG signs of SND is…

…will therefore continue on schedule. Refer to Figure 2 . Figure 2. The complete compensatory pause following a premature ventricular contraction. Classification of premature ventricular contractions…

…and health care professionals. The person may have some circulation despite circulatory collapse (e.g., with sustained ventricular tachycardia). Experimental and clinical understanding of hypoxic…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Definition of sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) Sinus arrhythmia and respiratory sinus arrhythmia both refer to the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia…

…in a person of working age Blood pressure Measure initially in both arms if this does not delay reperfusion treatment. A large side to side…

…physical impairment and needs help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose has already begun to rise by the time it…

…two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation, one person must manage the sedation and another the reduction . Check the fasting status, the…

…SCORE2 and SCORE2 Older Persons (SCORE2 OP) are European risk prediction models designed to estimate 10 year risk of both fatal and non fatal CVD…

…CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk assessment. Visual reporting of coronary calcification using four…

…exercise, but it still feels OK to continue. 14 15 Hard (heavy) exertion 16 17 Very hard exertion A healthy person can still go on…

…during exercise; this manifests with ST segment depressions with upsloping ST segment during exercise but the person is asymptomatic). No changes on resting ECG. Benign…

…arrest team (in IHCA). There are no risks in instructing a layperson to perform chest compressions on an unconscious individual. The potential benefit outweighs the…

…defined as an unexpected death due to cardiac causes that occur within 1 hour of symptom onset. The person may or may not have known…

…Rhythm control, on the other hand, attempts to restore sinus rhythm by use of antiarrhythmic drugs. Randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated any clear difference…

…a notch on the apex. Please note that for most clinicians it is not necessary to be able to determine the direction of the re…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Chronotropic incompetence: inability to adequately increase heart rate Chronotropic incompetence is an independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality. The condition…

…The appearance depends on the location of the ectopic focus from which the impulse is discharged. If the impulse is discharged close to the sinoatrial…

…inter observer variability (κ values ranging from 0.45 to 0.76). Lack of Clinical Variables : The original SYNTAX Score focuses solely on anatomical factors…

…common (regardless of heart rate) among persons with heart disease. Alternating block (right and left bundle branch block alternating from one beat to another) is…

…is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in peripheral blood is mandatory to establish a diagnosis of myocardial infarction…

…fascicular block is due to anatomical or functional block in the anterior fascicle. Depolarization of the left ventricle will depend entirely on the posterior fascicle…

…regions worldwide ( Tsao et al .). The New England Journal of Medicine, 1812. Remarks on Angina Pectoris by John Warren The remarkable facts, that the paroxysm…

…beta blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons with sick sinus syndrome should receive an artificial pacemaker to reduce symptoms and increase function…